Gynecology and Obstetrics

Care encompasses the entire process of having a child. The three phases of pregnancy can be divided into nine months: pre-partum care, intra-partum care, and postpartum care. During the pre-partum period, the pregnant woman is subjected to a slew of pathologic and radiological tests in order to keep a constant eye on the development of the foetus in her womb. This makes detecting pregnancy issues like preclampsia, eclampsia, miscarriages, haemorrhage, and so on much easier. The mother's body changes after conceiving and up until the baby is delivered, as does her psychological state of mind. Post-partum care benefits both the mother and the newborn baby.

Pregnancy, also known as gravidity or gestation, is the period in a woman's life when at least one child develops within her. A multiple pregnancy, for example, means that you have more than one child. Pregnancy can result from Assisted Reproductive Technology or from sexual activity. This equates to slightly more than nine lunar months, with each month lasting approximately 2912 days. A child is born approximately 40 weeks after the previous menstrual cycle (LMP). An embryo is a growing posterity for the first two months after conception; after that, the term foetus is used until delivery. Early pregnancy symptoms include missed periods, tender bosoms, vomiting, hunger, and frequent urination. 

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous endocrine syndrome that affects approximately one in every 17 women worldwide. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common female endocrine disorder that affects 6-15% of females. Women with PCOS have hormonal imbalances and metabolism issues, which can have an impact on their overall health and appearance. Anovulation, clinical, biochemical evidence of hyperandrogenism, and morphology of polycystic ovaries are all required for the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome. Women with PCOS appear to be more likely to develop metabolic syndromes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. PCOS is classified into four types:

Maternal-fetal medicine is a branch of medicine that focuses on treating drugs and other health issues in the foetus and mother before, after, and immediately after birth. This is one of the fastest growing areas of medicine, particularly in fatal healthcare. This is a subspecialty of Obstetrics. Perinatology is another term for this. Maternal-fetal clinicians treat patients who have health issues before, after, or during birth. I look for pregnant women who are unstable, mothers who appear to be having difficult pregnancies, and women whose foetuses are at risk. Maternal-fetal experts must be well-versed in all aspects of obstetrics. They can also withstand a high-risk pregnancy better.

Midwifery is concerned with the sexual and reproductive health of women throughout their lives, including pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period. Various programmes teach advanced practises to midwives in order for them to meet the needs of their patients. This enables advanced practise nurses to provide primary health care to women and infants, children, and adolescents. Midwives work in hospitals and personal medical clinics, deliver babies in birthing centres, and attend at-home births to provide parental care and care during and after labour.

Women's health is a medical specialty that focuses on the treatment and diagnosis of illnesses and conditions that affect the physical and mental well-being of women. Women and men frequently face similar health issues; the main difference is that women's health requires special consideration. Puberty, pregnancy, delivery, and health risks are all biological processes in young women. Women's health is especially important because they face unique health-care challenges and are more likely than men to be diagnosed with certain disorders. Diabetes, heart disease, cancer, and chronic diseases are the leading causes of death in women.

Fertility is the ability of a person to reproduce and have children. Human fertility is affected by nutrition, sexual behaviour, affiliation, culture, instinct, endocrinology, timing, financial concerns, a way of life, sentiments, and other factors. Ovulation is a woman's most fertile period. Ovulation occurs between the 11th and the 21st day of a woman's cycle. Infertility is a condition that affects both men and women, and it affects them almost equally. ARTs can be used to treat both male and female infertility.

Oncology is the study of cancer. An oncologist is a doctor who treats cancer and provides medical care to people who have been diagnosed with it. Oncology is divided into three major categories: medical, surgical, and radiation. A medical oncologist treats cancer with chemotherapy or other medications such as targeted therapy or immunotherapy. During surgery, a surgical oncologist removes the tumour and nearby tissue. A gynecologic oncologist treats uterine, ovarian, and cervical cancers. A paediatric oncologist is a doctor who specialises in the treatment of cancer in children. Some cancers are most common in children and teenagers.

Reproductive medicine is the branch of medicine that deals with the prevention, identification, and care of reproductive problems. Women's and men's health promotion and preservation are the main objectives of reproductive medicine. The cornerstones of reproductive medical knowledge are reproductive anatomy, endocrinology, physiology, and pathology. Prenatal medicine and postnatal medicine are the two divisions that can be made in reproductive medicine. Infertility, birth control, sexual dysfunction, and disorders of the reproductive system are among the issues covered in reproductive medicine. Examining ovulation, pregnancy, menstruation, menopause, and other gynaecological disorders is part of reproductive medicine

Gynecology is the branch of medical science concerned with the health of the female reproductive system and reproductive health. Gynecology and obstetrics are two disciplines that deal with the entire female reproductive system. Obstetrics focuses solely on pregnancy, its procedures, and pregnancy complications. Gynecology treats women who are not pregnant, adolescent women, and girls who have reached puberty, whereas obstetrics focuses on the pregnant mother's health as well as the delivery and healthy newborn baby. Obstetricians deliver babies and care for pregnant women after they give birth, whereas gynaecologists treat problems and concerns with the female uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, and breasts.

Breast cancer is a disease in which the cells in the breast proliferate uncontrollably. There are various types of breast cancer. The type of breast cancer is determined by which cells in the breast develop into cancer. Breast cancer can start in any part of the breast. A breast is composed of three major components: lobules, ducts, and connective tissue. Varian cancer develops when abnormal cells in your ovaries or fallopian tubes multiply uncontrollably. The female reproductive system includes the ovaries.

Menopause is the time when your menstrual cycles come to an end. It is diagnosed after 12 months of not having a menstrual period. Menopause is a completely natural biological process. However, the physical and emotional symptoms of menopause, such as hot flashes, can disrupt your sleep, lower your energy, and affect your emotional health.

A woman's ability to decide whether and when she conceives as well as whether to carry her pregnancy to term is referred to as family planning. The availability of family planning methods including safe abortion and contraception remains widely unequal in many regions of the world, despite women's aspirations to have children. Reduced unmet need can be achieved by the integration of family planning services into maternal health care, particularly when maternity care is a woman's main point of contact with the medical system. Family planning techniques of several kinds.

Paediatric and Adolescent Gynecology is a relatively new subspecialty within Obstetrics and Gynecology that includes gynecologic care from infancy to adulthood. Pediatric gynaecology, also known as paediatric gynaecology, is the medical specialty concerned with the health of infants, children, and adolescents' vagina, vulva, uterus, and ovaries. Pediatric andrology, on the other hand, deals with medical issues pertaining to the penis and testes. Adolescence is the stage of life when a person physically matures and begins to psychologically mature from a child to an adult

Women's sexual and reproductive health is linked to a number of human rights, including the right to life, the right to happiness, the right to protection, the right to education, and the right to be free from discrimination. Human rights associated with sexuality and generation are referred to as sexual and regenerative wellness and rights, or SRHR. It consists of a combination of four fields that, while distinct from one another in some contexts, differ less or not at all in others. These four areas are conceptive rights, regenerative rights, sexual rights, and sexual welfare.

Gynecologic cancer is any form of cancer that develops in a woman's reproductive system. Always given its proper name after the body part where it first appears, cancer. The pelvis, which is the region below the stomach and between the hip bones in women, is where various gynecologic cancers start. Around 10,000 new cases of uterine or endometrial cancer are detected each year in the UK, making it the most prevalent gynaecological cancer. There is a 1 in 41 lifetime risk for women. Gynecologic cancer can occur in the cervical, ovarian, uterine, vaginal, and vulvar regions.

A gynaecological disorder is a condition that interferes with the normal function of female reproductive organs, including the breasts and abdominal and pelvic organs such as the womb (uterus), ovaries, fallopian tubes, vagina, and vulva. 

ART refers to fertility treatments and procedures that can assist with difficulties or inability to conceive children. ART techniques involve manipulating eggs, sperm, or embryos to increase the chances of a successful pregnancy. The eggs are then combined with sperm to form embryos. The embryos are then implanted back into the parent's body. In vitro fertilisation (IVF) is the most common and effective type of ART. A multiple pregnancy is the most common ART complication. It can be avoided or minimised by limiting the number of embryos implanted in the parent's body. There are various types of ART procedures that use different techniques and reproductive cells.

Advanced imaging techniques, endoscopic tools, pharmaceutical therapies, and scientific discoveries have considerably benefited obstetrics and gynaecology. Technology is enhancing obstetrics and gynaecology, from keeping track of electronic medical records to doing less invasive surgery. Modern technology is used to offer gynaecology treatment alternatives for endometriosis, infertility, fibroids, and pelvic pain. Laparoscopic, hysteroscopic, and robotic surgery are gradually replacing major gynaecological surgery to treat common disorders.